Effects of Cannabis | The Cannabis Review

Cannabinoids | Terpenes | Conditions | Effects

Cannabis has been shown to have many beneficial effects on users.The Cannabis Review | Effects is a collection of scientific studies that identifies the molecules, found in cannabis, that have specific effects on users, the magnitude of that effect, and the amount of molecule used in the study.

Grade

This is the measurement of the nature and methodology of the scientific study.

	Double-blind, placebo controlled clinical study
	Open clinical trial study; no control group and no blinded clinical trial
	Non-human subject research on isolated cannabis compound
	Non-human subject research on cannabis compound in a mixture

Magnitude of Effect

This identifies how effective the biological activity of the molecule was in treating the
condition.

major	Biological activity has a major effect on the condition
moderate	Biological activity has a moderate effect on the condition
minor	Biological activity has a minor effect on the condition

Primary Studies

The following scientific studies establish the potential effectiveness for treating specific conditions using molecules found in cannabis. The study names link to the full studies; click to view.

Effect	Magnitude	Cannabinoid/ Terpene	Condition Treated	Amount Used	Study	Grade
Analgesic	(major)	Borneol	Pain	NA	A clinical and mechanistic study of topical borneol‐induced analgesia
	(major)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Neuropathic Pain	25mg	Smoked cannabis for chronic neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled trial
	(moderate)	Camphor	Pain	NA	Camphor activates and strongly desensitizes the transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 channel in a vanilloid-independent mechanism. see more studies
		CBD (Cannabidiol)	Central neuropathic pain	25mg/mL	Oromucosal Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol for neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis: An uncontrolled, open-label, 2-year extension trial
			Multiple sclerosis	2-10inhalations	A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of THC/CBD oromucosal spray in combination with the existing treatment regimen, in the relief of central neuropathic pain in patients with multiple sclerosis see more studies
			Pain	NA	An open-label extension study to investigate the long-term safety and tolerability of THC/CBD oromucosal spray and oromucosal THC spray in patients with terminal cancer-related pain refractory to strong opioid analgesics see more studies
			Peripheral pain response	NA	(+)-Cannabidiol analogues which bind cannabinoid receptors but exert peripheral activity only
		Caryophyllene oxide	Pain	12.5mg/kg, 25mg/kg	Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Caryophyllene oxide from Annona squamosa L. bark
		Eucalyptol	Pain	NA	Antiinflammatory and antinociceptive effects of 1,8-cineole a terpenoid oxide present in many plant essential oils
		Limonene	Algesic	NA	Involvement of transient receptor potential A1 channel in algesic and analgesic actions of the organic compound limonene
		Linalool	Pain	NA	Odour-induced analgesia mediated by hypothalamic orexin neurons in mice. see more studies
		Terpineol	Writhe	NA	A Study on Anti-Inflammatory and Peripheral Analgesic Action of Salvia sclarea Oil and Its Main Components
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Multiple Sclerosis	NA	A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of THC/CBD oromucosal spray in combination with the existing treatment regimen, in the relief of central neuropathic pain in patients with multiple sclerosis see more studies
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Pain	NA	An open-label extension study to investigate the long-term safety and tolerability of THC/CBD oromucosal spray and oromucosal THC spray in patients with terminal cancer-related pain refractory to strong opioid analgesics see more studies
	(minor)	Myrcene	Hyperalgesia	NA	Myrcene mimics the peripheral analgesic activity of lemongrass tea.
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Multiple Sclerosis	10mg	Does the cannabinoid dronabinol reduce central pain in multiple sclerosis? Randomised double blind placebo controlled crossover trial.
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Pain	5mg	Lack of analgesic efficacy of oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in postoperative pain see more studies
Anesthetic	(moderate)	Caryophyllene oxide	Pain	56.9% of mixture	Anesthetic activity of Brazilian native plants in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)
	(moderate)	Linalool	Reflexes	0.01 – 10 μg/ml	Local Anaesthetic Activity of the Essential Oil of Lavandula angustifolia
	(minor)	Guaiol	Stress	NA	Anesthetic activity and bio-guided fractionation of the essential oil of Aloysia gratissima (Gillies & Hook.) Tronc. in silver catfish Rhamdia quelen
Anti-acne	(major)	THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)	Acne	NA	Differential effectiveness of selected non-psychotropic phytocannabinoids on human sebocyte functions implicates their introduction in dry/seborrhoeic skin and acne treatment
Antiarthritic	(major)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Arthritis	5mg/kg, 25mg/kg	The nonpsychoactive cannabis constituent cannabidiol is an oral anti-arthritic therapeutic in murine collagen-induced arthritis
Antiasthma	(major)	Geraniol	Asthma	100 or 200mg/kg	Effect of treatment with geraniol on ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma in mice
Antibacterial	(major)	Camphene	Phytopathogenic Bacteria	5000 MIC, mg/L	Evaluation of antibacterial properties and biochemical effects of monoterpenes on plant pathogenic bacteria
		β-Caryophyllene	Periodontal disease	NA	Use of β-caryophyllene to combat bacterial dental plaque formation in dogs
		Geranyl Acetate	Bacterial contamination	7.6% of mixture	Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Properties of Thymus longicaulis subsp. chaoubardii Oils: Three Chemotypes in the Same Population
		Humulene	Bacterial contamination	14.21% of mixture	In vitro antibacterial properties of essential oil and organic extracts of Premna integrifolia Linn
		Myrcene	Bacterial contamination	NA	New insights into antibacterial and antioxidant activities of rosemary essential oils and their main components
		Ocimene	Bacterial contamination	0.03–40.49% of mixture	Chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of Pistacia terebinthus essential oils derived from wild populations in Kosovo see more studies
		α-Pinene / β-Pinene	Bacterial contamination	α-pinene (19.43%), β-pinene (6.71%)	Antibacterial Activity and Anticancer Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Essential Oil Compared to That of Its Main Components
	(moderate)	α-trans-Bergamotene	Buccal bacteria	29.90% of mixture	Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils from leaves and flowers of Eugenia klotzschiana Berg (Myrtaceae)
		CBD (Cannabidiol)	Bacterial contamination	NA	Antibacterial Cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa: A Structure−Activity Study see more studies
		CBG (Cannabigerol)	MRSA	NA	Antibacterial Cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa: A Structure−Activity Study
		CBN (Cannabinol)	MRSA	NA	Antibacterial Cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa: A Structure−Activity Study
		Caryophyllene	Bacterial contamination	10.54% of mixture	Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Proliferative Activities of Essential Oils of Plants from Burkina Faso see more studies
		P-Cymene	Bacterial contamination	0.25–1.25mM	Carvacrol and p-cymene inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple juice
		Fenchol (Fenchyl alcohol )	Bacterial contamination	NA	Screening of antibacterial activities of twenty-one oxygenated monoterpenes
		Ocimene	Bacterial contamination	NA	Antibacterial activity of Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with different chemical composition
	(minor)	Caryophyllene	Bacterial contamination	10-35% of mixture	Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils from verbenaceae species: alternative sources of (E)-caryophyllene and germacrene-D
	Anticancer	(major)	Borneol	Cancer	NA	Natural Borneol, a Monoterpenoid Compound, Potentiates Selenocystine-Induced Apoptosis in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Enhancement of Cellular Uptake and Activation of ROS-Mediated DNA Damage see more studies
CBD (Cannabidiol)			Cancer	NA	The Combination of Cannabidiol and Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Enhances the Anticancer Effects of Radiation in an Orthotopic Murine Glioma Model see more studies
CBD (Cannabidiol)			Glioblastoma multiforme	NA	A Combined Preclinical Therapy of Cannabinoids and Temozolomide against Glioma
Caryophyllene			Cancer	10.54% of mixture	Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Proliferative Activities of Essential Oils of Plants from Burkina Faso
Geraniol			Prostate cancer	NA	Geraniol induces cooperative interaction of apoptosis and autophagy to elicit cell death in PC-3 prostate cancer cells
Humulene			Cancer	32μg/mL	Potentiating effect of β-caryophyllene on anticancer activity of α-humulene, isocaryophyllene and paclitaxel
α-Pinene / β-Pinene			Cancer	α-pinene (19.43%), β-pinene (6.71%)	Antibacterial Activity and Anticancer Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Essential Oil Compared to That of Its Main Components
Terpinolene			Breast tumor, prostate carcinoma	8.4% of mixture	Essential oil constituents, anticancer and antimicrobial activity of Ficus mucoso and Casuarina equisetifolia leaves
THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)			Glioblastoma multiforme	NA	A Combined Preclinical Therapy of Cannabinoids and Temozolomide against Glioma
(moderate)		Camphene	Cervical cancer	NA	The in-vitro evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic properties of Marrubium vulgare L. essential oil grown in Tunisia
		CBD (Cannabidiol)	Cancer	200mg/kg	Antineoplastic Activity of Cannabinoids
		CBDA (Cannabidiolic acid)	cancer	NA	Cannabidiolic acid, a (major) cannabinoid in fiber-type cannabis, is an inhibitor of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell migration
		Caryophyllene	Cancer	7.8–500lg/mL	Effects of β-caryophyllene and Murraya paniculata essential oil in the murine hepatoma cells and in the bacteria and fungi 24-h time–kill curve studies
		Caryophyllene oxide	Cancer	17.90% of mixture	Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Proliferative Activities of Essential Oils of Plants from Burkina Faso
		Linalool	Breast cancer	NA	Linalool, a plant-derived monoterpene alcohol, reverses doxorubicin resistance in human breast adenocarcinoma cells
			Colon cancer	100μg/kg, 200μg/kg	Anticancer effect of linalool via cancer-specific hydroxyl radical generation in human colon cancer
			Prostate cancer	NA	Anticancer Activity of Linalool Terpenoid: Apoptosis Induction and Cell Cycle Arrest in Prostate Cancer Cells
		Terpineol	Cancer	3 or 6mM	α-Terpineol: A Potential Anticancer Agent which Acts through Suppressing NF-κB Signalling
			Hepatocellular carcinoma	10mg/kg, 20mg/kg	4-Terpineol exhibits potent in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects in Hep-G2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells by suppressing cell migration and inducing apoptosis and sub-G1 cell cycle arrest
			Liver cancer	320μg/ml	γ-terpineol inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in human liver cancer BEL-7402 cells in vitro
		Terpinolene	Brain tumour	10mg/L, 25mg/L, 50mg/L, 100mg/L, 200mg/L, 400mg/L	Anticancer and Antioxidant Properties of Terpinolene in Rat Brain Cells
(minor)		Linalool	Lung cancer	NA	A comparative study of cytotoxic, membrane and DNA damaging effects of Origanum (major)ana’s essential oil and its oxygenated monoterpene component linalool on parental and epirubicin-resistant H1299 cells
Anticonvulsant	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Epilepsy	1mg/kg, 10mg/kg, 100mg/kg	Cannabidiol exerts anti-convulsant effects in animal models of temporal lobe and partial seizures
		CBDV (Cannabidivarin)	Epilepsy	NA	Cannabis in epilepsy: From clinical practice to basic research focusing on the possible role of cannabidivarin see more studies
		CBN (Cannabinol)	Tonic-clonic seizure	NA	Anticonvulsant properties of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and other cannabinoids
		Isopulegol	Seizures	NA	Effects of isopulegol on pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in mice: possible involvement of GABAergic system and antioxidant activity
		Linalool	Epelipsy	NA	Anticonvulsant properties of linalool in glutamate-related seizure models
		THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)	Epelipsy	0.25mg/kg	Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabivarin suppresses in vitro epileptiform and in vivo seizure activity in adult rats
	(minor)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Epilepsy	NA	Cannabis, cannabidiol, and epilepsy–from receptors to clinical response
	(minor)	Caryophyllene	Seizures	100mg/kg	Anticonvulsant activity of β-caryophyllene against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures
Antidepressant	(major)	CBC (Cannabichromene)	Depression	20mg/kg, 40mg/kg, 80mg/kg	Antidepressant-like effect of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and other cannabinoids isolated from Cannabis sativa L.
	(major)	Camphor	Depression	23.77% of mixture	An Investigation of Anti-Depressant Activity of Cinnamomum Camphora Oil in Experimental Mice
	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Depression	30mg/kg	Antidepressant-like effects of cannabidiol in mice: possible involvement of 5-HT1A receptors see more studies
		CBD (Cannabidiol)	Immobility	10–60nmol	Antidepressant-like effect of cannabidiol injection into the ventral medial prefrontal cortex—Possible involvement of 5-HT1A and CB1 receptors
		Limonene	Immobility	10mg/kg	Antihyperalgesic and antidepressive actions of (R)-(+)-limonene, α-phellandrene, and essential oil from Schinus terebinthifolius fruits in a neuropathic pain model
		Linalool	Anxiety and depression	NA	Linalool and β-pinene exert their antidepressant-like activity through the monoaminergic pathway
		Linalool	Depression	50mg/kg, 160mg/kg, 500mg/kg	Subchronic Administration of Linalool Decreases Depressive-Like Behaviour in Restrained Rats
		Phellandrene	Immobility	10mg/kg	Antihyperalgesic and antidepressive actions of (R)-(+)-limonene, α-phellandrene, and essential oil from Schinus terebinthifolius fruits in a neuropathic pain model
		α-Pinene / β-Pinene	Depression	NA	Linalool and β-pinene exert their antidepressant-like activity through the monoaminergic pathway
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Immobility	2.5mg/kg	Antidepressant-like effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and other cannabinoids isolated from Cannabis sativa L.
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Posttraumatic stress disorder	5mg	Preliminary, open-label, pilot study of add-on oral Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in chronic post-traumatic stress disorder
Antidiabetic	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Diabetes mellitus	100mg	PEfficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study
		D-Limonene	Diabetes mellitus	NA	Protective Effects of d-Limonene on Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Enzymes in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
		THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)	Diabetes mellitus	5mg	Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study
Antidyspnoea	(moderate)	CBD Cannabidiol)	Breathing Difficulties	10mg	Cannabinoid effects on ventilation and breathlessness: A pilot study of efficacy and safety
Antidystonic	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Dystonia	200mg	Cannabidiol in dystonic movement disorders
Antidystonic and Parkinsonism-aggravating	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Dystonia	100-600mg	Open label evaluation of cannabidiol in dystonic movement disorders
Antidystonic and Parkinsonism-aggravating	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Parkinson’s disease	100-600mg	Open label evaluation of cannabidiol in dystonic movement disorders
Antiemetic	(major)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Emetic	5mg, 10mg, 15mg	Physiologic observations in a controlled clinical trial of the antiemetic effectiveness of 5, 10, and 15 mg of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in cancer chemotherapy. Ophthalmologic implications see more studies
	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Nausea	20mg/kg	Cannabidiol, a non-psychotropic component of cannabis, attenuates vomiting and nausea-like behaviour via indirect agonism of 5-HT1A somatodendritic autoreceptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus see more studies
		CBDA (Cannabidiolic acid)	Nausea	0.5mg/kg	Cannabidiolic acid prevents vomiting in Suncus murinus and nausea-induced behaviour in rats by enhancing 5-HT1A receptor activation see more studies
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Emetic	NA	Antiemetics in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer: a randomized comparison of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and prochlorperazine see more studies
			Multiple Sclerosis	15mg/m²	Efficacy of tetrahydrocannabinol in patients refractory to standard antiemetic therapy.Efficacy, safety and tolerability of an orally administered cannabis extract in the treatment of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study
			Nausea	8.4mg, 16.9mg	Antiemetic efficacy of smoked marijuana: subjective and behavioral effects on nausea induced by syrup of ipecac see more studies
			Vomiting	NA	Tetrahydrocannabinol vs. prochlorperazine. The effects of two antiemetics on patients undergoing radiotherapy
	(minor)	CBDA (Cannabidiolic acid)	Nausea	0.1μg/kg	Suppression of lithium chloride-induced conditioned gaping (a model of nausea-induced behaviour) in rats (using the taste reactivity test) with metoclopramide is enhanced by cannabidiolic acid
	(minor)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Emetic	NA	THC or Compazine for the cancer chemotherapy patient–the UCLA study. Part II: Patient drug preference
Antiepileptic	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Epilepsy	200-300mg	Chronic administration of cannabidiol to healthy volunteers and epileptic patients see more studies
Antifibrosis	(moderate)	Borneol	Oral submucous fibrosis	18.75 to 300μg/ml	Influence of borneol on primary mice oral fibroblasts: a penetration enhancer may be used in oral submucous fibrosis
Antifungal	(major)	Borneol	Fungal contamination	NA	Borneol-grafted cellulose for antifungal adhesion and fungal growth inhibition
		Camphene	Phytopathogenic fungi	NA	Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Artemisia nilagirica essential oil growing in nort
		P-Cymene	Phytopathogenic fungi	NA	Antifungal Effects of Volatile Compounds from Black Zira (Bunium persicum) and Other Spices and Herbs
		Farnesene	Fungal contamination	14.6–16.4% of mixture	Chemical Composition and in vitro Antifungal Properties of Essential Oils from Leaves and Flowers of Erigeron floribundus (H.B. et K.) Sch. Bip. From Cameroon
		D-Limonene	Fungal contamination	NA	Rapid Evaluation of Plant Extracts and Essential Oils for Antifungal Activity Against Botrytis cinerea
		Nerolidol	Fungal contamination	NA	Evaluation of antifungal activity in essential oil of the Syzygium aromaticum (L.) by extraction, purification and analysis of its main component eugenol
		Terpinolene	Malassezia furfur	NA	Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Plant Essential Oils against Malassezia furfur
	(moderate)	β-Caryophyllene	Phytopathogenic fungi	16.98% of mixture	Chemical composition and antifungal properties of the essential oil and various extracts of Mikania scandens (L.) Willd.
		Cymene	Phytopathogenic fungi	2% of mixture	Antifungal, phytotoxic and insecticidal properties of essential oil isolated from Turkish Origanum acutidens and its three components, carvacrol, thymol and p-cymene
		P-Cymene	Fungal contamination	1000ppm	Studies on Antifungal Properties of Essential Oil of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague see more studies
		Myrcene	Fungal contamination	47.7–84.6% of mixture	Essential oils from Distichoselinum tenuifolium: Chemical composition, cytotoxicity, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties
		Ocimene	Fungal contamination	30.4% of mixture	Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Angelica (major) against Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus and dermatophyte species see more studies
		Phellandrene	Fungal contamination	1.7mL/L, 1.8mL/L	Anti-fungal activity, mechanism studies on α-Phellandrene and Nonanal against Penicillium cyclopium
		Sabinene	Dermatophytes and Cryptococcus neoformans	29.% of mixture	Antifungal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Oenanthe crocata L. essential oil
		Sabinene	Fungal contamination	31.1% of mixture	In Vivo Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil of Bupleurum gibraltarium against Plasmopara halstedii in Sunflower see more studies
		Terpinolene	Botrytis cinerea	NA	Antifungal modes of action of tea tree oil and its two characteristic components against Botrytis cinerea
	(minor)	D-Limonene	Fungal contamination	56% of mixure, 57.5% of mixure	Antifungal Activity of Thapsia villosa Essential Oil against Candida, Cryptococcus, Malassezia, Aspergillus and Dermatophyte Species
	(minor)	Sabinene	Fungal contamination	29% of mixture	Antifungal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Oenanthe crocata L. essential oil
Antiglaucoma	(moderate)	CBG (Cannabigerol)	Glaucoma	NA	A Comparison of the Ocular and Central Effects of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabigerol
	(moderate)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Glaucoma	2.8% of mixture	Effects of tetrahydrocannabinol on arterial and intraocular hypertension
	(minor)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Glaucoma	20mg, 40mg	Effect of Sublingual Application of Cannabinoids on Intraocular Pressure: A Pilot Study
	(minor)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Glaucoma	< 0.4% of mixture	Topical delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and aqueous dynamics in glaucoma see more studies
Antigastroesophageal reflux	(moderate)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations	20mg	Effect of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, a cannabinoid receptor agonist, on the triggering of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations in dogs and humans
Antihyperactivity	(moderate)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Tourette’s Syndrome	10mg	Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is effective in the treatment of tics in Tourette syndrome: a 6-week randomized trial see more studies
Antihyperanalgesia	(moderate)	P-Cymene	Hyperalgesia	25mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg	The anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory profiles of p-cymene: Evidence for the involvement of opioid system and cytokines
		Limonene	Mechanical hyperalgesia	10mg/kg	Antihyperalgesic and antidepressive actions of (R)-(+)-limonene, α-phellandrene, and essential oil from Schinus terebinthifolius fruits in a neuropathic pain model
		Limonene	Hyperalgesia	10mg/kg	Limonene modulates the hyperalgesia and depressive-like behaviour through IL-1 and NFB regulation in mice
		Phellandrene	Cold and mechanical hyperalgesia	11mg/kg	Antihyperalgesic and antidepressive actions of (R)-(+)-limonene, α-phellandrene, and essential oil from Schinus terebinthifolius fruits in a neuropathic pain model
Antihyperlipidemic	(moderate)	Camphene	Hyperlipidemic	30μg/gr	Camphene, a Plant-Derived Monoterpene, Reduces Plasma Cholesterol and Triglycerides in Hyperlipidemic Rats Independently of HMG-CoA Reductase Activity
Antiinflammatory	(major)	α-Bisabolol	Edema	NA	Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of (−)-α-bisabolol in rodents
		Borneol	Inflammation	NA	Analgesic and Anti-inflammation Effect of Borneol
		CBC (Cannabichromene)	Colitis	NA	The cannabinoid TRPA1 agonist cannabichromene inhibits nitric oxide production in macrophages and ameliorates murine colitis
			Edema	NA	Anti-inflammatory properties of cannabichromene see more studies
			Inflammation-induced hypermotility	10mg/kg	Inhibitory effect of cannabichromene, a major non-psychotropic cannabinoid extracted from Cannabis sativa, on inflammation-induced hypermotility in mice
			Microbiological contamination	NA	Biological Activity of Cannabichromene, its Homologs and Isomers
		CBD (Cannabidiol)	Acute Pancreatitis	0.5mg/kg	Anti-inflammatory role of cannabidiol and O-1602 in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in mice
			AD-related neuroinflammation	2.5 or 10mg/kg	Cannabidiol in vivo blunts β-amyloid induced neuroinflammation by suppressing IL-1β and iNOS expression
			Chronic Pain	2.5–20mg/kg	The non-psychoactive cannabis constituent cannabidiol is an orally effective therapeutic agent in rat chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain
			Diabetic Complications	NA	Cannabidiol Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, Fibrosis, and Inflammatory and Cell Death Signaling Pathways in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy see more studies
			Pathological memory T cells and in Autoimmune diseases	NA	Pathways and gene networks mediating the regulatory effects of cannabidiol, a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid, in autoimmune T cells
			Uveitis	5mg/kg	Neuroprotective effects of cannabidiol in endotoxin-induced uveitis: critical role of p38 MAPK activation
		CBG (Cannabigerol)	Irritable bowel syndrome	NA	Beneficial effect of the non-psychotropic plant cannabinoid cannabigerol on experimental inflammatory bowel disease
		β-Caryophyllene	Rheumatoid arthritis	100mg/kg, 300mg/kg	Anti-Arthritic and Anti Inflammatory Activity of β-Caryophyllene against Freund’s Complete Adjuvant Induced Arthritis in Wistar Rats
		Caryophyllene oxide	Inflammation	12.5mg/kg, 25mg/kg	Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Caryophyllene oxide from Annona squamosa L. bark
		Cymene	Lipopolysaccharide induced acute lung injury	NA	Protective effect of p-cymene on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice
		Eucalyptol	Acute lung injury	100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg	Eucalyptol suppresses matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression through an extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent nuclear factor-kappa B pathway to exert anti-inflammatory effects in an acute lung inflammation model
		Eucalyptol	Airway hypersecretion	200mg	Anti-inflammatory activity of 1.8-cineol (eucalyptol) in bronchial asthma: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial
		Humulene	Edema	NA	Anti-inflammatory effects of compounds α-humulene and (−)-trans-caryophyllene isolated from the essential oil of Cordia verbenacea
		Isopulegol	Edema	22.02% of mixture	In Vivo Potential Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Melissa officinalis L. Essential Oil
		Limonene	Edema	25mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 75mg/kg	Physio-pharmacological Investigations About the Anti-inflammatory and AntinociceptiveAntinociceptive Efficacy of (+)-Limonene Epoxide
		D-Limonene	TNBS-induced intestinal inflammation	10mg/kg	Oral administration of d-Limonene controls inflammation in rat colitis and displays anti-inflammatory properties as diet supplementation in humans
		Linalool	Inflammation	NA	Anti-inflammatory effects of linalool in RAW 264.7 macrophages and lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury model
		Sabinene	Inflammation	29% of mixture	Antifungal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Oenanthe crocata L. essential oil
		α-Terpineol	Edema	6.2% of mixture	Chemical constituents and antiinflammatory activity of leaf essential oil of Nigerian grown Chenopodium album L.
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Friend leukemia virus-induced splenomegaly	200mg/kg	Antineoplastic Activity of Cannabinoids
	(moderate)	α-trans-Bergamotene	Pleurisy	7% of mixture	Pharmacological evaluation of Copaifera multijuga oil in rats
		α-Bisabolol	Inflammation	NA	Inhibitory effects of (-)-α-bisabolol on LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 macrophages
		Borneol	Oral mucositis	1.2% of mixture, 2.4% of mixture	Anti-inflammatory and healing action of oral gel containing borneol monoterpene in chemotherapy-induced mucositis in rats ( Rattus norvegicus )
		Camphor	Arthritis	NA	Study on antiinflammatory effect of different chemotype of Cinnamomum camphora on rat arthritis model induced by Freund’s adjuvant
		CBD (Cannabidiol)	Acute lung injury	20mg/kg	Cannabidiol, a non-psychotropic plant-derived cannabinoid, decreases inflammation in a murine model of acute lung injury: Role for the adenosine A2A receptor
			Inflammation	5–40mg/kg	Oral anti-inflammatory activity of cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive constituent of cannabis, in acute carrageenan-induced inflammation in the rat paw
			Retinal Inflammatory	NA	Mediation of Cannabidiol Anti-inflammation in the Retina by Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter and A2A Adenosine Receptor
			Rheumatic diseases	NA	Cannabidiol—transdermal delivery and anti-inflammatory effect in a murine model
		CBG (Cannabigerol)	Neuroinflammation	NA	A Cannabigerol Quinone Alleviates Neuroinflammation in a Chronic Model of Multiple Sclerosis
		CBGA (Cannabigerolic Acid)	Inflammation	NA	Evaluation of the Cyclooxygenase Inhibiting Effects of Six Major Cannabinoids Isolated from Cannabis sativa
		Δ-3-Carene	Edema	NA	Pharmacological activity of the essential oil of Bupleurum gibraltaricum: anti-inflammatory activity and effects on isolated rat uteri see more studies
		P-Cymene	Hyperalgesia, Pleurisy	25mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg	The anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory profiles of p-cymene: Evidence for the involvement of opioid system and cytokines
		P-Cymene	Inflammation	25mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg	Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Properties of p-Cymene in Mice
		Eucalyptol	Colitis	200mg/kg, 400mg/kg	1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), a monoterpene oxide attenuates the colonic damage in rats on acute TNBS-colitis
			Edema, Pulmonary inflammation	NA	Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily M Member 8 channels mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of eucalyptol
			Edema	NA	Antiinflammatory and antinociceptive effects of 1,8-cineole a terpenoid oxide present in many plant essential oils
		Geraniol	Atherosclerosis	100mg/kg	Geraniol attenuates fibrosis and exerts anti-inflammatory effects on diet induced atherogenesis by NF-κB signaling pathway
		Isopulegol	Edema	NA	Anotinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential of Isopulegol and possible mechanisms of action in rodents
		Linalool	Edema	NA	α-Pinene, linalool, and 1-octanol contribute to the topical anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of frankincense by inhibiting COX-2
		Linalool	Neuropathic pain	NA	(–)‐Linalool Attenuates Allodynia in Neuropathic Pain Induced by Spinal Nerve Ligation in C57/Bl6 Mice
		Menthol	Chronic inflammatory disorders such as bronchial asthma, colitis and allergic rhinitis	NA	The anti-inflammatory activity of L-menthol compared to mint oil in human monocytes in vitro: a novel perspective for its therapeutic use in inflammatory diseases
		Myrcene	Inflammation	47.7–84.6% of mixture	Essential oils from Distichoselinum tenuifolium: Chemical composition, cytotoxicity, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties
		β-Myrcene	Osteoarthritis	NA	Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, anti-catabolic and pro-anabolic effects of E-caryophyllene, myrcene and limonene in a cell model of osteoarthritis
		Phellandrene	Pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6	50mg/kg, 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg	α-Phellandrene, a cyclic monoterpene, attenuates inflammatory response through neutrophil migration inhibition and mast cell degranulation
		Phytol	Edema	7.5mg/kg, 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 75mg/kg	Phytol, a diterpene alcohol, inhibits the inflammatory response by reducing cytokine production and oxidative stress
		α-Pinene / β-Pinene	Inflammation	NA	α-Pinene Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Activity Through the Suppression of MAPKs and the NF-κB Pathway in Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages
		Sabinene	Lipopolysaccharide plus interferon gamma triggered macrophages	29.% of mixture	Antifungal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Oenanthe crocata L. essential oil
		Terpineol	Edema	NA	A Study on Anti-Inflammatory and Peripheral Analgesic Action of Salvia sclarea Oil and Its Main Components
		Terpineol-4-ol	LPS-stimulated human macrophages	NA	Terpinen-4-ol and α-terpineol (tea tree oil components) inhibit the production of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 on human macrophages
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Intestinal inflammation	NA	Chronic Administration of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Induces Intestinal Anti-Inflammatory MicroRNA Expression during Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of Rhesus Macaques
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Ischaemia-reperfusion injury	NA	Δ8-Tetrahydrocannabivarin prevents hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses through cannabinoid CB2 receptors
	(minor)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Neuroinflammatory diseases	NA	Anti-inflammatory effects of the cannabidiol derivative dimethylheptyl-cannabidiol – studies in BV-2 microglia and encephalitogenic T cells
		CBD (Cannabidiol)	Sepsis	NA	Effect of cannabidiol on sepsis-induced motility disturbances in mice: involvement of CB1 receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase
		CBDA (Cannabidiolic acid)	Inflammation	2μM	Cannabidiolic Acid as a Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitory Component in Cannabis
		Caryophyllene	Parkinson’s disease	50mg/kg	β-Caryophyllene, a phytocannabinoid attenuates oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, glial activation, and salvages dopaminergic neurons in a rat model of Parkinson disease
		Eucalyptol	Mosquito larvae	100mg/L	Bioactivity of Dianthus caryophyllus, Lepidium sativum, Pimpinella anisum, and Illicium verum essential oils and their (major) components against the West Nile vector Culex pipiens
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Crohn’s Disease	115mg	Cannabis induces a clinical response in patients with Crohn’s disease: a prospective placebo-controlled study
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Edema	NA	Antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the rat
Antileishmanial	(moderate)	Nerolidol	Leishmania species	100μM	Antileishmanial Activity of the Terpene Nerolidol see more studies
Antileukemic	(major)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Friend leukemia	200mg/kg	Antineoplastic Activity of Cannabinoids
Antimalarial	(moderate)	Nerolidol	Malaria	1000mg/kg	Antimalarial activity of the terpene nerolidol
Antimalarial	(moderate)	α-Terpineol	Malaria	22.6% of mixture	Composition and antimalarial activity in vitro of the essential oil of Tetradenia riparia
Antimicrobial	(major)	Camphene	Inflammation and pain-related processes	NA	Antinociceptive Activity and Redox Profile of the Monoterpenes (+)-Camphene, p-Cymene, and Geranyl Acetate in Experimental Models
		Farnesene	Microbiological contamination	51.5% of mixture	Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Properties, α-Glucosidase Inhibitory, and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Acacia mollissima and Acacia cyclops Cultivated in Tunisia
		D-Limonene	Food-related microorganisms	NA	Effects of nisin on the antimicrobial activity of d-limonene and its nanoemulsion
		Phellandrene	Hypernociception	50mg/kg	Antinociceptive activity of the monoterpene α-phellandrene in rodents: possible mechanisms of action
		α-Pinene / β-Pinene	Microbiological contamination	10.5 % of mixture	Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and different fractions of Juniperus communis L. and a comparison with some commercial antibiotics
		Terpineol	Microbiological contamination	NA	Antimicrobial effect of vapours of terpineol, (R)-(–)-linalool, carvacrol, (S)-(–)-perillaldehyde and 1,8-cineole on airborne microbes using a room diffuser
	(moderate)	Borneol	Microbiological contamination	4.91% of mixture	Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) from Eastern Morocco
		Camphene	Microbiological contamination	NA	The in-vitro evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic properties of Marrubium vulgare L. essential oil grown in Tunisia
		CBC (Cannabichromene)	Microbiological contamination	NA	Antibacterial Cannabinoids from Cannabis satiWa: A Structure-Activity Study
		Caryophyllene	Microbiological contamination	7.8–500lg/mL	Effects of β-caryophyllene and Murraya paniculata essential oil in the murine hepatoma cells and in the bacteria and fungi 24-h time–kill curve studies
		Caryophyllene oxide	Microbiological contamination	60 to 80μg/ml	Compositions and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of two Hypericum species from Turkey
		β-Cedrene	Microbiological contamination	6.1% of mixture	Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Essential Oil from Premna microphylla Turczaninow
		P-Cymene	Microbiological contamination	32.6mL/L	Chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Origanum minutiflorum O Schwarz & PH Davis see more studies
		Isoborneol	Microbiological contamination	14.66% of mixture	Essential Oil Composition, Antimicrobial and Pharmacological Activities of Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) From São Gonçalo do Abaeté, Minas Gerais, Brazil
		D-Limonene	Microbiological contamination	94% of mixture	Orange Essential Oils Antimicrobial Activities against Salmonella spp.
		Myrcene	Microbiological contamination	NA	Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and different fractions of Juniperus communis L. and a comparison with some commercial antibiotics see more studies
		α-Pinene / β-Pinene	Microbiological contamination	50μg/mL	Biological Activities of a-Pinene and β-Pinene Enantiomers see more studies
		Terpinolene	Microbiological contamination	8.4% of mixture	Essential oil constituents, anticancer and antimicrobial activity of Ficus mucoso and Casuarina equisetifolia leaves
	(minor)	α-Bisabolol	Halatosis	NA	The antimicrobial activity of α-bisabolol and tea tree oil against Solobacterium moorei, a Gram-positive bacterium associated with halitosis
		Cedrol	Microbiological contamination	6.3% of mixture	Volatile constituents of propolis from various regions of Greece–Antimicrobial activity
		P-Cymene	Microbiological contamination	5.33% of mixture	Antimicrobial Effect of Lippia sidoides and Thymol on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm of the Bacterium Isolated from Root Canals
		Guaiol	Microbiological contamination	8,2% of mixture	Chemical composition and evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of Croton urucurana Baillon (Euphorbiaceae) stem bark see more studies
		Myrcene	Microbiological contamination	NA	Antioxidant, antimicrobial and toxicological properties of Schinus molle L. essential oils see more studies
		Terpineol	Periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria	NA	Antimicrobial effect of linalool and α-terpineol against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria
		α-Terpineol	Antimicrobial	13.0% of mixture	Antimicrobial Activity of Commercial Samples of Thyme and Marjoram Oils
		Antimutagenic	(minor)	Myrcene	Certain forms of the cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes	1,000μg/ml	Evaluation of the mutagenicity of β-myrcene in mammalian cells in vitro
Antinausea	(minor)	THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)	Nausea	10mg/kg	Evaluation of the potential of the phytocannabinoids, cannabidivarin (CBDV) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), to produce CB1 receptor inverse agonism symptoms of nausea in rats
Antinociceptive	(major)	P-Cymene	Writhe	25mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg	Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Properties of p-Cymene in Mice
	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Multiple sclerosis	NA	Cannabinoid-induced effects on the nociceptive system: a neurophysiological study in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
		Isopulegol	Nociception	NA	Anotinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential of Isopulegol and possible mechanisms of action in rodents
		Limonene	Writhe	25mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 75mg/kg	Physio-pharmacological Investigations About the Anti-inflammatory and Antinociceptive Efficacy of (+)-Limonene Epoxide
		Linalool	Nociception	NA	Intraplantar injection of bergamot essential oil induces peripheral antinociception mediated by opioid mechanism
		Linalool	Writhe	25mg/kg, 75mg/kg, 100mg/kg	(−)-Linalool produces antinociception in two experimental models of pain
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Multiple Sclerosis	NA	Cannabinoid-induced effects on the nociceptive system: a neurophysiological study in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Pain	1mg/kg, 5mg/kg	Dopamine D2 receptor antagonists prevent Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced antinociception in rats see more studies
	(minor)	Linalool	Glutamate induced pain	NA	Evidence for the involvement of ionotropic glutamatergic receptors on the antinociceptive effect of (−)-linalool in mice
Antiobesity	(moderate)	α-Cedrene	Obesity	10mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg	In vivo absorption and disposition of α-cedrene, a sesquiterpene constituent of cedarwood oil, in female and male rats
Antiobesity	(moderate)	THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)	Obesity	NA	Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients. see more studies
Antioxidant	(major)	α-trans-Bergamotene	Oxidative stress	29.9% of mixture	Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils from leaves and flowers of Eugenia klotzschiana Berg (Myrtaceae)
		β-Cedrene	Oxidative stress	6.1% of mixture	Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Essential Oil from Premna microphylla Turczaninow
		Farnesene	Oxidative stress	51.5% of mixture	Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Properties, α-Glucosidase Inhibitory, and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Acacia mollissima and Acacia cyclops Cultivated in Tunisia
		Myrcene	Oxidative stress	NA	Protective effect of linalool, myrcene and eucalyptol against t-butyl hydroperoxide induced genotoxicity in bacteria and cultured human cells see more studies
		Nerolidol	Oxidative stress	NA	Antioxidant evaluation of polyhydroxylated nerolidols from redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) leaves
		α-Terpineol	Oxidative stress	NA	Influence of the cultivation system in the aroma of the volatile compounds and total antioxidant activity of passion fruit see more studies
	(moderate)	CBG (Cannabigerol)	Oxidative stress	NA	Cannabinoid CB2 receptors are involved in the protection of RAW264.7 macrophages against the oxidative stress: an in vitro study
		Caryophyllene	Oxidative stress	10.54% of mixture	Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Proliferative Activities of Essential Oils of Plants from Burkina Faso
		Caryophyllene	Parkinson’s disease	50mg/kg	β-Caryophyllene, a phytocannabinoid attenuates oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, glial activation, and salvages dopaminergic neurons in a rat model of Parkinson disease
		Caryophyllene oxide	Oxidative stress	17.9% of mixture	Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Proliferative Activities of Essential Oils of Plants from Burkina Faso
		Cymene	Oxidative stress	NA	Evaluation of p-cymene, a natural antioxidant
		P-Cymene	Oxidative stress	NA	Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oil and Methanol Extracts of Thymus pectinatus Fisch. et Mey. Var. pectinatus (Lamiaceae) see more studies
		Guaiol	Oxidative stress	8,2% of mixture	Chemical composition and evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of Croton urucurana Baillon (Euphorbiaceae) stem bark
		Myrcene	Oxidative stress	NA	Antioxidative effects of curcumin, β-myrcene and 1,8-cineole against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced oxidative stress in rats liver see more studies
		Nerolidol	Oxidative stress	25mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 75mg/kg	Antioxidant effects of nerolidol in mice hippocampus after open field test see more studies
		Sabinene	Oxidative stress	29.% of mixture	Antifungal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Oenanthe crocata L. essential oil
		Terpineol	Oxidative Stress	NA	Evaluation of the antioxidant and antiproliferative potential of bioflavors
		Terpinolene	Oxidative stress	11mg/L, 25mg/L, 50mg/L, 100mg/L, 200mg/L, 400mg/L	Anticancer and Antioxidant Properties of Terpinolene in Rat Brain Cells see more studies
	(minor)	Farnesene	Superficial scald	NA	Superficial scald, a functional disorder of stored apples. V.—Oxidation of α-farnesene and its inhibition by diphenylamine see more studies
		Myrcene	Oxidative stress	NA	Antioxidant, antimicrobial and toxicological properties of Schinus molle L. essential oils
		α-Terpineol	Oxidative stress	NA	Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of essential oils of some wild Portuguese Thymus
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Oxidative stress	NA	Understanding the Molecular Aspects of Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol as Antioxidants
Antiproliferative	(major)	α-Terpineol	Chronic myelogenus leukemia	12.66% of mixture	Phytochemical analysis, antiproliferative against k562 humam chronic myelogenus leukemia, antiviral and hypoglycaemic activities of cedrus species and medicinal plants native from Libanon
	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Cancer	1–10μM	Non-THC cannabinoids inhibit prostate carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo: pro-apoptotic effects and underlying mechanisms
	(moderate)	Terpineol	Cancer	NA	Evaluation of the antioxidant and antiproliferative potential of bioflavors
	(minor)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Cancer	NA	Physiological intestinal oxygen modulates the Caco-2 cell model and increases sensitivity to the phytocannabinoid cannabidiol
	(minor)	α-Terpineol	Leukemia	NA	Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of essential oils of some wild Portuguese Thymus
Antipsychotic	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Hyperlocomotion	15–60mg/kg	Cannabidiol inhibits the hyperlocomotion induced by psychotomimetic drugs in mice
		CBD (Cannabidiol)	Schizophrenia	0.3μM, 1μM, 3μM, 10μM, 30μM	Cannabidiol enhances anandamide signaling and alleviates psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Schizophrenia	2.5mg, 5mg	Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol effects in schizophrenia: implications for cognition, psychosis, and addiction
	(minor)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Psychotic Experiences	NA	Cannabis with high cannabidiol content is associated with fewer psychotic experiences
Antispasticity	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Multiple Sclerosis	NA	Randomized controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis see more studies
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	ALS	5mg	Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) for cramps in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a randomised, double-blind crossover trial
			Multiple Sclerosis	33% of mixture	The effect of cannabis on urge incontinence in patients with multiple sclerosis: a multicentre, randomised placebo-controlled trial (CAMS-LUTS) see more studies
			Spasticity	10 or 5mg	Treatment of human spasticity with delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol see more studies
	(minor)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Multiple sclerosis	12mg	The effect of cannabinoids on the stretch reflex in multiple sclerosis spasticity
		CBD (Cannabidiol)	Spasticity	NA	Randomized controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Spasticity	NA	Smoked cannabis for spasticity in multiple sclerosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Anthrombotic	(moderate)	Borneol	Thrombosis	NA	The Antithrombotic Effect of Borneol Related to Its Anticoagulant Property
Antitremor	(moderate)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Multiple sclerosis	NA	Tetrahydrocannabinol for tremor in multiple sclerosis
Antitremor	(moderate)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Parkinson’s disease	2-9% of mixture	Marijuana for parkinsonian tremor
Antitumor	(major)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Cancer	NA	Antitumor Activity of Plant Cannabinoids with Emphasis on the Effect of Cannabidiol on Human Breast Carcinoma see more studies
		CBG (Cannabigerol)	Cancer	NA	Boron trifluoride etherate on silica-A modified lewis acid reagent (VII). Antitumor activity of cannabigerol against human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells
		β-Caryophyllene	Tumor	NA	β-Caryophyllene potently inhibits solid tumor growth and lymph node metastasis of B16F10 melanoma cells in high-fat diet–induced obese C57BL/6N mice
		β-Myrcene	Lung adenocarcinoma	9.29% of mixture	Composition and antitumor activities of essential oil from the fruits of Dasymaschalon trichophorum
	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Cancer	0.5mg	Antitumor Effects of Cannabidiol, a Nonpsychoactive Cannabinoid, on Human Glioma Cell Lines see more studies
		CBG (Cannabigerol)	Cancer	31.3lμ/mL	Synthesis and antitumor activity of cannabigerol
		CBN (Cannabinol)	Tumor	100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 50mg/kg	Antineoplastic Activity of Cannabinoids
		Humulene	Cancer	NA	Antitumor activity of balsam fir oil: production of reactive oxygen species induced by α-humulene as possible mechanism of action
		Linalool	Cancer	NA	Linalool Exhibits Cytotoxic Effects by Activating Antitumor Immunity
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Glioblastoma multiforme	NA	A pilot clinical study of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme
Anxiolytic	(major)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Anxiety	600mg	Cannabidiol Reduces the Anxiety Induced by Simulated Public Speaking in Treatment-Naïve Social Phobia Patients see more studies
		Limonene	Anxiety	25mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 75mg/kg	Evaluation of acute toxicity of a natural compound (+)-limonene epoxide and its anxiolytic-like action see more studies
		Linalool	Anxiety	NA	Evaluation of anxiolytic potency of essential oil and S-(+)-linalool from Cinnamomum osmophloeum ct. linalool leaves in mice
	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Anxiety	300mg	Inverted U-Shaped Dose-Response Curve of the Anxiolytic Effect of Cannabidiol during Public Speaking in Real Life see more studies
		CBD (Cannabidiol)	Posttraumatic stress disorder	32mg	Cannabidiol enhances consolidation of explicit fear extinction in humans see more studies
		Caryophyllene	Depression and anxiety	50mg/kg	β-Caryophyllene, a CB2 receptor agonist produces multiple behavioral changes relevant to anxiety and depression in mice see more studies
		Limonene	Anxiety	3.4mg/L, 6.7mg/L	Differences in the effects of essential oil from Citrus junos and (+)-limonene on emotional behavior in mice
		Linalool	Anxiety	0.65% of mixure, 1.25% of mixure, 2.5% of mixure, 5.0% of mixure	Anxiolytic-like effects of inhaled linalool oxide in experimental mouse anxiety models
		α-Pinene / β-Pinene	Anxiety	NA	Expression of BDNF and TH mRNA in the Brain Following Inhaled Administration of α-Pinene
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Anxiety	NA	Cannabinoid facilitation of fear extinction memory recall in humans
			Acute psychosocial stress	7.5mg, 12.5mg	Dose-related effects of delta-9-THC on emotional responses to acute psychosocial stress
			Posttraumatic stress disorder	NA	Cannabinoid facilitation of fear extinction memory recall in humans
	(minor)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Anxiety	7.5mg, 15mg	Effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on evaluation of emotional images
Appetite Stimulant	(major)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Anorexia	NA	Effects of Dronabinol on Anorexia and disturbed behavior in patients with Alzheimer’s Disease
		CBN (Cannabinol)	Low feeding behaviour	NA	Cannabinol and cannabidiol exert opposing effects on rat feeding patterns
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Cancer	2.5mg	Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol may palliate altered chemosensory perception in cancer patients: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial
	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Anorexia	NA	Cannabis Use in Epilepsy and Anorexia- Two “N-of-One” Trials (P6.039)
		CBD (Cannabidiol)	Appetite Loss	NA	Cannabidiol attenuates the appetitive effects of Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in humans smoking their chosen cannabis
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Anorexia	NA	A double-blind trial of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in primary anorexia nervosa see more studies
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	HIV-infected	NA	A pilot study of the effects of cannabis on appetite hormones in HIV-infected adult men
Auto-immunity	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Immune System related diseases	2.5 or 5mg/kg	Cannabidiol-induced Lymphopenia does not involve NKT and NK Cells
Bone Stimulant (Enhanced adipogenesis)	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Osteoporosis	NA	Regulation of bone by cannabinoid and cannabinoid-like receptors
Bone Stimulant (Enhanced adipogenesis)	(moderate)	Δ-3-Carene	Metabolic bone disorders	NA	Low Concentration of 3-Carene Stimulates theDifferentiation of Mouse Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Subclone 4 Cells
Bronchodilating activity	(moderate)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Asthma	200mg	Bronchodilator effect of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol administered by aerosol of asthmatic patients see more studies
Bronchodilating activity	(moderate)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Breathing Difficulties	20mg	Acute and subacute bronchial effects of oral cannabinoids
Cardiac Proctection	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Cardiovascular Complications	NA	Cannabidiol Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, Fibrosis, and Inflammatory and Cell Death Signaling Pathways in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Contractile Activity (cardiac muscle)	(moderate)	Eucalyptol	Myocardial contractility related disorders	0.01mM, 0.05mM, 0.1mM, 0.5mM	Eucalyptol, an essential oil, reduces contractile activity in rat cardiac muscle
Chemopreventive	(major)	Geraniol	Buccal pouch carcinogenesis	250mg/kg	Chemopreventive efficacy of geraniol against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis
Chemopreventive	(major)	D-Limonene	Skin tumorigenesis	50mg/kg, 100mg/kg	D-Limonene modulates inflammation, oxidative stress and Ras-ERK pathway to inhibit murine skin tumorigenesis
Cytotoxicity	(moderate)	Sabinene	Macrophages and keratinocytes	29% of mixture	Antifungal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Oenanthe crocata L. essential oil
		α-Terpineol	Breast cancer	5.4μg/mL	The effect of a-terpineol on cell cycle, apoptosis and Bcl-2 family protein expression of breast cancer cell line MCF-7
		α-Terpineol	Cervical cancer	12.46μg/mL, 13.12μg/mL	Cytotoxicity of α-terpineol in HeLa cell line and its effects to apoptosis and cell cycle
	(minor)	Sabinene	HaCaT keratinocytes	26.2% of mixture	Essential Oil of Juniperus communis subsp. alpina (Suter) Čelak Needles: Chemical Composition, Antifungal Activity and Cytotoxicity
Gastroprotective	(major)	Limonene	Gastric ulcer	29% of mixture	Gastroprotective mechanisms of Citrus lemon (Rutaceae) essential oil and its (major)ity compounds limonene and β-pinene: Involvement of heat-shock protein-70, vasoactive intestinal peptide, glutathione, sulfhydryl compounds, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 see more studies
	(moderate)	Isopulegol	Gastric ulcer	NA	Gastroprotective activity of isopulegol on experimentally induced gastric lesions in mice: investigation of possible mechanisms of action see more studies
	(moderate)	α-Pinene / β-Pinene	Gastric ulcer	NA	Gastroprotective effect of α-pinene and its correlation with antiulcerogenic activity of essential oils obtained from Hyptis species see more studies
	(minor)	α-Bisabolol	Gastric ulcer	NA	(−)-α-Bisabolol-induced gastroprotection is associated with reduction in lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase activity and neutrophil migration
Healing property	(moderate)	D-Limonene	Chronic ulcers	245mg/kg	Healing actions of essential oils from Citrus aurantium and d-limonene in the gastric mucosa: the roles of VEGF, PCNA, and COX-2 in cell proliferation
Immunosuppressive	(moderate)	CBG (Cannabigerol)	Human immune diseases	NA	A Cannabigerol Derivative Suppresses Immune Responses and Protects Mice from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Improves behaviour	(moderate)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	ADHD	71ng/mL	Cannabis improves symptoms of ADHD
Improves recognition of emotion facial	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Multiple sclerosis	2.5–120mg	A preliminary controlled study to determine whether whole-plant cannabis extracts can improve intractable neurogenic symptoms
Improves recognition of emotion facial	(moderate)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Multiple sclerosis	2.5–120mg	A preliminary controlled study to determine whether whole-plant cannabis extracts can improve intractable neurogenic symptoms
Improve neurogenic symptoms	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Facial Emotion Recognition	16mg	Acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and their combination on facial emotion recognition: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in cannabis users
Improve neurogenic symptoms	(moderate)	Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)	Facial Emotion Recognition	8mg	Acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and their combination on facial emotion recognition: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in cannabis users
Improves Sleep	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Insomnia	25mg, 6 to 12mg	Effectiveness of Cannabidiol Oil for Pediatric Anxiety and Insomnia as Part of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Report
Improves Sleep	(moderate)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Sleep Apnea	20mg	Around-the-clock oral THC effects on sleep in male chronic daily cannabis smokers
Insect repellent	(major)	Geraniol	Aedes albopictus	0.250μg/cm³	Host-Seeking and Blood-Feeding Behavior of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Exposed to Vapors of Geraniol, Citral, Citronellal, Eugenol, or Anisaldehyde
	(major)	Geraniol	Mosquito	NA	Efficacy of the botanical repellents geraniol, linalool, and citronella against mosquitoes
	(moderate)	Geraniol	Mosquito, Sand Fly	5% of mixture	Indoor Protection Against Mosquito and Sand Fly Bites: A Comparison Between Citronella, Linalool, and Geraniol Candles
	(moderate)	Geraniol	Pediculus humanus humanus	NA	Repellency of essential oils and their components to the human body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus
Insecticide	(major)	Camphor	Red imported fire ant (RIFA) (Solenopsis invicta Buren)	36.61% of mixture	Fumigant Toxicity and Repellence Activity of Camphor Essential Oil from Cinnamonum camphora Siebold Against Solenopsis invicta Workers (Hymenoptera:Formicidae)
	(moderate)	Cymene	Sitophilus granarius and Tribolium confusum adults	2% of mixture	Antifungal, phytotoxic and insecticidal properties of essential oil isolated from Turkish Origanum acutidens and its three components, carvacrol, thymol and p-cymene
	(moderate)	Pulegone	Tribolium castaneum	0.8-26.6% of mixture	Chemical characterization and insecticidal properties of essential oils from different wild populations of Mentha suaveolens subsp. timija (Briq.) Harley from Morocco
	(minor)	Pulegone	House fly, Musca domestica (L.)	69.70% of mixture	Insecticidal activity of essential oils from native medicinal plants of Central Argentina against the house fly, Musca domestica (L.) see more studies
Larvicidal	(moderate)	Δ-3-Carene	Mosquitoes	12.5% of mixture	δ-Cadinene,Calarene and δ-4-Carene from Kadsura heteroclita Essential Oil as Novel Larvicides Against Malaria, Dengue and Filariasis Mosquitoes
Larvicidal	(moderate)	Eucalyptol	Adult Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito)	NA	1,8-Cineole (Eucalyptol), a mosquito feeding and ovipositional repellent from volatile oil ofHemizonia fitchii (Asteraceae)
Neuroprotectant	(major)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Brain Injury	300mg	Comparison of Cannabidiol, Antioxidants, and Diuretics in Reversing Binge Ethanol-Induced Neurotoxicity see more studies
		Caryophyllene	Seizures	NA	Neuroprotective Effects of Trans-Caryophyllene Against Kainic Acid Induced Seizure Activity and Oxidative Stress in Mice
		Caryophyllene	Cerebral Ischemic Injury	10mg/kg	Protective Effect of β-Caryophyllene, a Natural Bicyclic Sesquiterpene, Against Cerebral Ischemic Injury
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Alzheimer’s Disease	NA	The potential therapeutic effects of THC on Alzheimer’s disease
	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Alzheimer’s Disease	NA	The marijuana component cannabidiol inhibits β-amyloid-induced tau protein hyperphosphorylation through Wnt/β-catenin pathway rescue in PC12 cells
			Huntington’s Disease	10mg/kg	Controlled clincal trial of cannabidiol in Huntington’s disease
			Parkinson’s disease	300mg	Effects of cannabidiol in the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease: An exploratory double-blind trial see more studies
			Spinal injury	20mg/kg	Cannabidiol-treated Rats Exhibited Higher Motor Score After Cryogenic Spinal Cord Injury
		CBG (Cannabigerol)	Huntington’s Disease	NA	VCE-003.2, a novel cannabigerol derivative, enhances neuronal progenitor cell survival and alleviates symptomatology in murine models of Huntington’s disease see more studies
		CBN (Cannabinol)	ALS	5mg/kg	Cannabinol delays symptom onset in SOD1 (G93A) transgenic mice without affecting survival
		D-Limonene	Anxiety and pain	15.21% of mixture	Neuropharmacological activities of phytoncide released from Cryptomeria japonica
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Alzheimer’s Disease	NA	Safety and Efficacy of Medical Cannabis Oil for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: An-Open Label, Add-On, Pilot Study.
			ADHD	NA	Oral Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Improved Refractory Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome in an Adolescent by Increasing Intracortical Inhibition: A Case Report
			ALS	NA	The CB2 cannabinoid agonist AM-1241 prolongs survival in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis when initiated at symptom onset
			Dementia	3mg	Effects of tetrahydrocannabinol on balance and gait in patients with dementia: A randomised controlled crossover trial
			Neurological disorders	NA	Cannabidiol and (−)Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol are neuroprotective antioxidants
			Oxidative Stress	NA	Reactive oxygen species and p38 phosphorylation regulate the protective effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the apoptotic response to NMDA
			Traumatic Brain Injury	NA	Effect of marijuana use on outcomes in traumatic brain injury
		THCA (Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid)	Neurodegeneration	10μM	Effects of cannabinoids Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid and cannabidiol in MPP+ affected murine mesencephalic cultures
	(minor)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Alzheimer’s Disease	4.5mg	Tetrahydrocannabinol for neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia: A randomized controlled trial.
Relaxant	(moderate)	Limonene	Sleep deprivation	100mg/kg, 200mg/kg	Central effects of citral, myrcene and limonene, constituents of essential oil chemotypes from Lippia alba (Mill.) n.e. Brown
Relaxant	(moderate)	Myrcene	Sleep deprivation	100mg/kg, 200mg/kg	Central effects of citral, myrcene and limonene, constituents of essential oil chemotypes from Lippia alba (Mill.) n.e. Brown
Sedative	(moderate)	Linalool	High heart rate and upset mood	NA	Sedative effects of the jasmine tea odor and (R)-(-)-linalool, one of its (major) odor components, on autonomic nerve activity and mood states
Sedative	(moderate)	Linalool	Autonomic nerve activity,mood states	NA	Sedative effects of the jasmine tea odor and (R)-(−)-linalool, one of its (major) odor components, on autonomic nerve activity and mood states
Skin Repair	(major)	D-Limonene	Dermatitis, Skin lesion	NA	Skin Repair Properties of d-Limonene and Perillyl Alcohol in Murine Models
Stimulates neural effects	(moderate)	THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)	Obesity	10mg	Neural Effects of Cannabinoid CB1 Neutral Antagonist Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Food Reward and Aversion in Healthy Volunteers
Urinary Protectant	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Multiple sclerosis	2.5mg	An open-label pilot study of cannabis-based extracts for bladder dysfunction in advanced multiple sclerosis
Urinary Protectant	(moderate)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Multiple sclerosis	2.5mg	An open-label pilot study of cannabis-based extracts for bladder dysfunction in advanced multiple sclerosis
Vasorelaxant	(moderate)	Borneol	Tension of the blood vessel walls	NA	Investigation of Mechanisms Involved in (−)-Borneol-Induced Vasorelaxant Response on Rat Thoracic Aorta

Secondary Materials

The following are study reviews and other materials of note

Effect	Magnitude	Cannabinoid/ Terpene	Condition Treated	Study
Analgesic	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Multiple sclerosis	Randomised controlled trial of cannabis based medicinal extracts (CBME) in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis
		Caryophyllene	Pain	β‐caryophyllene and β‐caryophyllene oxide—natural compounds of anticancer and analgesic properties
		Caryophyllene oxide	Pain	β‐caryophyllene and β‐caryophyllene oxide—natural compounds of anticancer and analgesic properties
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Multiple sclerosis	Randomised controlled trial of cannabis based medicinal extracts (CBME) in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis
Anticancer	(major)	Limonene	Cancer	Cancer chemoprevention and therapy by monoterpenes
	(moderate)	CBC (Cannabichromene)	Cancer	The endocannabinoid system and cancer: therapeutic implication
		CBD (Cannabidiol)	Cancer	Cannabidiol as potential anticancer drug
		Caryophyllene	Cancer	β‐caryophyllene and β‐caryophyllene oxide—natural compounds of anticancer and analgesic properties
		Caryophyllene oxide	Cancer	β‐caryophyllene and β‐caryophyllene oxide—natural compounds of anticancer and analgesic properties
Antidepressant	(minor)	CBC (Cannabichromene)	Depression	Review Article: Sleep, Pain and Cannabis
Antiepileptic	(moderate)	CBC (Cannabichromene)	Epilepsy	Marijuana Compounds: A Non-Conventional Therapeutic Approach to Epilepsy in Children
Antiemetic	(moderate)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Emetic	Effects of smoked cannabis and oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on nausea and emesis after cancer chemotherapy: A review of state clinical trials
Antiemetic	(moderate)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Emetic	Antiemetic therapy: a review of recent studies and a report of a random assignment trial comparing metoclopramide with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
Antiglaucoma	(moderate)	CBN (Cannabinol)	Glaucoma	Cannabinoids and glaucoma
Antihypertension	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabinol)	Hypertension	Is the cardiovascular system a therapeutic target for cannabidiol?
Antiinflammatory	(major)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Crohn’s disease	Cannabis Finds Its Way into Treatment of Crohn’s Disease
	(major)	Myrcene	Inflammation	Cannabinoids in the management of difficult to treat pain
	(moderate)	α-Bisabolol	Inflammation	A Review of the Application and Pharmacological Properties of α-Bisabolol and α-Bisabolol-Rich Oils
Antiinsomnia	(moderate)	Borneol	Insomnia	Herbal Insomnia Medications that Target GABAergic Systems: A Review of the Psychopharmacological Evidence
Antioxidant	(moderate)	Caryophyllene oxide	Oxidative stress	β‐caryophyllene and β‐caryophyllene oxide—natural compounds of anticancer and analgesic properties
Antiprokinetic	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Intestinal prokinetic	Edible Marijuana: A New Frontier in the Culinary World
Antiproliferative	(moderate)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Cancer	Cannabinoids and Cancer
Antipsoriatic	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Psoriasis	Edible Marijuana: A New Frontier in the Culinary World
Antipsychosis	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Schizophrenia	A Critical Review of the Antipsychotic Effects of Cannabidiol: 30 Years of a Translational Investigation
Antispasmodic	(moderate)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Spasm and pain	Prescribing Cannabinoids for Multiple Sclerosis
Antispasmodic	(minor)	β-Myrcene	Spasm	Essential oil composition of lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) leaves cultivated in Mazandaran, Iran
Antispasticity	(minor)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Spasticity	Whole plant cannabis extracts in the treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review
Antitumor	(major)	Geraniol)	Tumor	The antitumor effects of geraniol: Modulation of cancer hallmark pathways (Review)
Antitumor	(moderate)	β-Myrcene	Cancer	Antitumor Activity of Monoterpenes Found in Essential Oils
Bone Stimulant	(moderate)	THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)	Bone Diseases	Role of cannabinoids in the regulation of bone remodeling
Cerebroprotective	(minor)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Chronic Diseases	Therapeutic Potential of Non-Psychotropic Cannabidiol in Ischemic Stroke
Cerebroprotective	(minor)	Eucalyptol	Cough	Survey of the bioactive and fragrant constituents separated by nano scale injection of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Var…
Neuroprotective	(major)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Neurodegenerative Disorders	Cannabidiol for neurodegenerative disorders: Important new clinical applications for this phytocannabinoid?
	(moderate)	CBN (Cannabidiol)	ALS	Can cannabinoids be a potential therapeutic tool in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
	(moderate)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Bipolar	Cannabinoids in bipolar affective disorder: a review and discussion of their therapeutic potential
	(minor)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Migraine	Cannabis for migraine treatment: the once and future prescription? An historical and scientific review
Stimulate Appetite	(moderate)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Anorexia	The cancer cachexia syndrome
Stimulate Bone Growth	(moderate)	CBD (Cannabidiol)	Bone diseases	Edible Marijuana: A New Frontier in the Culinary World
	(moderate)	THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Bone diseases	Role of cannabinoids in the regulation of bone remodeling
	(minor)	CBN (Cannabidiol)	Bone diseases	Role of cannabinoids in the regulation of bone remodeling
		CBN (Cannabidiol)	Osteoporosis	Role of cannabinoids in the regulation of bone remodeling
		THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)	Osteoporosis	Role of cannabinoids in the regulation of bone remodeling

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